One report from the American Heart Association (AHA) states that "[c]ardiovascular disease claims more lives each year in the U.S. than all forms of cancer and chronic lower respiratory disease combined." To put that into perspective, that means that heart disease is responsible for roughly 1 in 5 deaths (20%) in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Older adults in particular are at enhanced risk of heart disease, making it a major component of senior health. If you're older—or have an aging loved one—here is what you need to know about heart health for seniors.

Some of the most common heart-related issues older people face include:

• Cardiovascular disease (heart disease). Heart disease is a blanket term that refers to a wide variety of heart-related conditions and diseases. In the United States, the most common form of cardiovascular disease is coronary heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease (CAD).
• Heart attack. Heart attack is a major complication of CAD and occurs when blood cannot get to or from the heart.
• Congestive heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart can no longer pump as well as it used to, which can lead to potentially lethal fluid buildup.
• Arrhythmias. Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats, including heartbeats that are too fast or too slow.
• Angina pectoris. Also called ischemic chest pain, angina occurs when blood flow to the heart is restricted, leading to pain or tightness in the chest.
• Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis). Atherosclerosis occurs when plaque builds up in and around the artery walls.

Older adults face enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and related conditions for a variety of reasons, including:

• Age. Aging can naturally change the heart and blood vessels, which can put older people at enhanced risk of heart problems.
• Family history. Family history of heart issues is a major indicator of heart disease risk.
• High blood pressure (hypertension). Hypertension is a significant risk factor for heart disease and failure, and roughly half of adults in the United States have elevated blood pressure levels.
• High cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia). According to the CDC, cholesterol levels tend to rise with age as the body has a harder time clearing cholesterol.
• High blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Aging can increase blood sugar levels as the pancreas is less effective at producing glucose-regulating insulin. Having elevated glucose levels, such as those seen with diabetes, can increase risk of elevated heart rate and heart disease.
• Obesity. Obesity can increase several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, like high cholesterol and diabetes. It's easier to gain weight and harder to lose it with age thanks to factors like slowing metabolism and being less likely to lead an active lifestyle.
• Sedentary lifestyle. Many older adults are inactive, which can significantly harm their chances of having a healthy heart. According to one study published in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, not engaging in physical activity can increase risk of cardiovascular disease-related death by up to 37%.

Certain factors for heart problems are out of our control, like family history and age. That said, there are plenty of risk factors for heart issues that are absolutely controllable, which means certain lifestyle changes can improve heart health.

Actionable steps people can take to improve their cardiovascular health include:

• Not smoking. Quitting the use of tobacco and nicotine products—including e-cigarettes and vapes—is just about the single-best action someone can take to improve their overall health, including the health of their heart. According to the AHA, heart disease risk decreases by half just a year after quitting these products.
• Getting regular check-ups and not avoiding the doctor when something feels wrong. Regular doctor visits means it's easier to catch potential issues early on and start treatment earlier, which can lead to better health outcomes.
• Sleeping enough. Sleep is intimately linked to heart health, meaning that prioritizing sleep is prioritizing the heart. Older people need roughly 7 to 9 hours of sleep every night.
• Enjoying a heart-healthy diet. Eating a healthy diet can lead to a healthy weight and improved blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels, all of which can reduce the risk of cardiovascular issues. A heart-healthy diet should include healthy proteins, whole grains, and the right kind of fatty acids from sources like avocados and fish.
• Getting enough physical activity. Getting enough exercise can improve mood, make it easier to sleep, strengthen heart muscles, make it easier to maintain a healthy weight, and improve overall well-being. Older adults, according to the CDC, should get roughly 150 minutes of moderate exercise (or 75 minutes of intense exercise) each week. This activity should include both including strength-training and aerobic exercises, such as tai chi and brisk walking,
• Taking medications, if directed by a doctor. Sometimes prescription drugs are needed along with a healthy diet and exercise to improve heart health. These medications can include statins and blood thinners.

A healthy heart is a major component in maintaining a high quality of life. Caregivers, cooks, and healthcare professionals in the St. Andrew's network know this fact. That is why we are committed to helping each and every resident in our communities take charge of their cardiovascular health, which includes offering plenty of opportunities for exercise and getting delicious and nutritious meals. Contact us today to learn more about how we manage heart health for seniors.

Disclaimers: This article has not been reviewed by a licensed medical professional. This article is for informational purposes only. It cannot be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or condition. Always direct healthcare concerns to a licensed healthcare professional.